REACTIONS OF HALOALKANES

=Substitution Reactions= ==Formation of Alcohols== A haloalkane can be reacted to form an alcohol, as the C-X carbon is easily targeted. The reagent used is aqueous NaOH or KOH, and may require reflux. 1-chloroethane + NaOH (aq) --> Ethanol ==Formation of Amines== A haloalkane may also be substituted to form an amine. The reagent used here is concentrated ammonia, NH3. 1-Chloroethane + NH3 (conc) --> Ethanamine (or aminoethane) =Elimination Reactions= An elimination reaction forms a C=C double bond, and may result in 2 different products (refer to the node on Markovnikov's rule). The reagent used to undergo an elimination reaction is NaOH or KOH ===however...=== The NaOH or KOH must be dissolved in an alcoholic solvent such as ethanol. The solvent plays a part in how the reaction proceeds by removing a H+ ion from the haloalkane. This then allows removal of the halide to form X- in solution and leave a double bond. 1-Chloroethane + NaOH (alc) --> Ethene